Manual On Combustion Engines
Class 123: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES ( Manual of U.S. Patent Classification ) U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Information Products Division Manual of U.S. Patent Classification as of June 30, 2000 Class Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
- International Council On Combustion Engines
- Manual On Combustion Engines Fundamentals Heywood Pdf
- Manual On Combustion Engines Fundamentals Pdf
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below. Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the ' ' icon following the subclass number, below. ( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses ) For search strategies, please refer to the Explanation of Data web page. (requires a JAVA-enabled web browser) - Subclass Title ClassTitle INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES MISCELLANEOUS. Fuels, lubricants and additives COMBINED DEVICES. Generating plants ROTARY. With means to control degree of compression.
With combusted gas treatment or handling means. With compression volume means in uninterrupted communication with expansion volume means. With fuel injection means. And pump or control means. Into intake port.
Into intake chamber. Into prechamber. With ignition means. With plural compression volume means. With plural expansion volume means.
With charge treatment means. Exhaust gas recirculation. Rotor shape.
With transfer means intermediate single compression volume means and single expansion volume means. Isolated charge in movable transfer element. Reciprocating or oscillating compression volume means.
Radially spaced from expansion volume means. Abutment acts as compression means. Compression means disposed in rotor. Vane acts as compression means.
Compression volume means circumferentially disposed relative to expansion volume means. Transfer means in rotor. Compression volume is also expansion volume. Interengaging rotors. Nonparallel axes. Compression volume means axially disposed relative to expansion volume means.
Transfer means in rotor. Interengaging rotors. Compression volume means radially disposed relative to expansion volume means.
With compression, combustion, and expansion in a single variable volume. Planetating rotor. Alternately approaching and receding elements. Eccentric interengaging rotors. Only combustion and expansion of charge in engine. Interengaging rotors OSCILLATING PISTON.
Toroidal cylinder LIQUID PISTON CONVERTIBLE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION AND AIR SOLID FUEL GUNPOWDER. Single shot gun powder motors WATER AND HYDROCARBON. Water in charge. Water plus heat into charge.
Water into cylinder. Water plus heat into charge. Water introduced by mixing with other materials. Water plus heat by mixing with other materials. Washers and cleaners.
Washers and cleaners with heat. Automatic water control.
Automatic water control; thermostatic. Automatic water control; suction. Automatic water control; speed. Automatic water control interconnected with throttle. Steam injection. Cooling regulation ADDITIONAL AIR SUPPLY ENGINE MEANS HAVING INTERNAL VAPORIZING IN PRECHAMBER WITH ALL COMBUSTION IN MAIN CHAMBER.
Whirling in prechamber. Vaporizing by a hot surface of prechamber PRECOMBUSTION AND MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS IN SERIES. Chamber temperature control means.
Vaporizing in precombustion chamber. Plural precombustion chambers. Having timed valves to precombustion and main combustion chambers. Having volumetric relation between precombustion and main combustion chambers. With ignition means particularly positioned relative to precombustion and main combustion chambers.
With injection means particularly positioned relative to precombustion and main combustion chambers. Having fluid whirling means. Whirling in precombustion chamber only.
Precombustion chamber is carried by a valve. Precombustion and main chambers form an 'I' head. Precombustion chamber assembly inserted in spark plug hole. Separate fuel or combustible mixture added to precombustion chamber. Valveless precombustion chamber. Piston shape complements precombustion chamber discharge. Precombustion chamber liner or coating.
With liner mounting means. Including combustion catalyst liner or coating means.
Precombustion chamber mounting means. Having combustible mixture forming means. By fuel injection into precombustion or main combustion chamber. Fuel injected into precombustion chamber formed in piston. By fuel injection into precombustion chamber with carbureted main chamber. By fuel injection into main chamber with carbureted precombustion chamber.
Piston carried precombustion chamber. Atomizer, deflector, or shield in precombustion chamber. Precombustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution. Figure of revolution is multishaped to form a precombustion chamber. Precombustion chamber having a specific shape. Having specific connecting passage means between precombustion and main combustion chambers.
With ignition means in connecting passage. Having fuel, a combustible mixture, or air added in the connecting passage. Fluid flow through passage controlled by working piston. With whirling. Multiple connecting passages. With valve means or variable orifice means in the passage. Having multiple passages COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS HAVING FUEL INJECTION ONLY.
Combustible mixture stratification means. Injector is an integral part of engine valve. Combination igniting means and injector.
Injection of fuel onto igniter, deflector, heater, or atomizer. Using multiple injectors or injections. Alternating multiple injectors (e.g., series injection). Injected fuel spraying into whirling fluid. Air entering combustion chamber through plural inlets.
Having inlet uncovered by working piston. Injecting diverse fuels or different states of same fuel.
Having a particular relationship between injection and ignition characteristics (e.g., nozzle location, spray pattern, timing relative to igniter location, timing) BURNING BY HIGHLY COMPRESSED AIR. Gas engines (diesel type) convertible from liquid to gas or operable with liquid and gas. Oil engine air preheated OIL ENGINES.
Pump supply to air inlet MULTIPLE EXPLOSION ATMOSPHERIC NONCOMPRESSION REVERSIBLE. Electrical COOLING.
Automatic coolant flow control. Float control. Shutters, air valves, dampers or adjustable cowls. Temperature and engine operation responsive.
Servomotor-operated type. Interrelated shutter and throttle control. Valves for fluid coolant. Coolant source bypass. Radiator or condenser source.
Air impeller. Interrelated coolant flow and throttle control. System drained and/or heat-storing. Indicators and safety devices. Coolant sealed in cylinder valve or piston. Coolant released into cylinder or valve passages.
Refrigerating cycle. With vapor generation and/or condensing.
Coolant circulation with condensing. Intake or carburetor connection. Entrained in secondary circuit.
From top of jacket to bottom of radiator. Water bypasses condenser. Vapor only circulated. Overflow vent to condenser.
Multiple cylinders with equalized cooling. Parallel flow. Mixed air and liquid. With cooling of additional parts or materials. With spark plug heat exchange.
With lubricant heat exchange. Internal cooling of moving parts; e.g., hollow valves, pistons, and movable cylinder. Telescoping piston and stationary conduits.
Hollow piston rod. Wrist pin type; e.g., nonrigidly connected. Side wall opening. Rotary valves. Poppet-type valves. Liquid coolants other than water and water treatment. Movably mounted tank or radiator.
With liquid coolant circulating means. Common drive for pump and fan. Engine shaft driven. Devices for cooling liquid by air flow. Yielding or resilient walls. Plural radiators and/or tanks in series.
Engine or cylinder-mounted heat dissipators. With liquid cooling. Flow-regulating means.
Adjustable discharge. Steam dividing vanes, baffles, conduits, or the like for multiple cylinders.
Individual deflecting cylinder baffles. Air duct with discharge ports or conduits. With impelling means. Jacketed cylinder. Spiral passages.
Finned cylinder and/or head. Engine encasing air duct; e.g., cowling. Plural materials. With jacketed head and/or cylinder. Jet or spray within jacket. Multiple cylinder.
Reentrant head. With cooled valve seats or guides. Poppet-type valves. Cylinder side wall valves. With passages, baffles, etc. Spiral passages.
Cylinder jacket supported solely by cylinder. With head-cooling arrangements. Composite head. Cylinder detachable. Flanged cylinder or liner. Valve seats or guides CRANKCASE VENTILATION OSCILLATING CYLINDER ROTATING CYLINDER.
Combustion chamber is center of star. Valve casing-cylinders have no valves but have ports which register with ports in casing. Cam transmission. Parallel to shaft.
Parallel to shaft cam track. Toroidal cylinders. Cam transmission ROTARY RECIPROCATING PISTON. Piston and crankshaft coaxial FREE PISTON. Two chambers; one piston.
Phasing means between two or more units. Single chamber; one piston. Electric generating means.
Hammer VALVED PISTON. Charge passes from crankcase through valve in piston. Lost motion connection actuates valve.
Inlet and exhaust valve in piston ADJUSTABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. Piston in head adjusted manually or mechanically.
Piston in head adjusted. Piston varied by means in crankshaft, connecting rod or piston. Cylinder or sleeve-moved. Auxiliary chamber RECIPROCATING CYLINDER.
Two-cycle MULTIPLE PISTON, COMMON NONRESTRICTIVE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. Four-cycle separate crankshaft for piston. Two or more combustion chambers between the piston. Two-cycle separate crankshaft for piston. Piston offset from crankshaft. Plural combustion chamber and plural piston. Inlet or exhaust ports in two or more planes MULTIPLE CYLINDER.
Simultaneous compression, distinct pistons, restricted communication to a single combustion chamber. Four-stroke cycle. Multiple crankshafts. Two-stroke cycle. Multiple crankshafts.
Cylinder offset from crankshaft axis. Multiple crankshafts. Cylinders opposite. Two-stroke cycle.
Crankshaft between parallel cylinders. Cylinders having opposing heads.
Cylinders radiating. Cam on rotary output shaft. Odd number of cylinders.
Six cylinder. Eight cylinder. More than eight cylinder. Cylinders opposite. Cam on rotary output shaft. Four-stroke cycle.
Cylinders opposite and aligned. Two-stroke cycle. Cylinders opposite and aligned. Having rotary output shaft parallel to cylinders.
Cam on rotary output shaft. Swash plate type. Single bank of cylinders. Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders. Multiple swash plate drive.
Single bank of cylinders. Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders. Multiple cam drives. Shaft rotates through piston. Cylinders in-line. Locked pistons. Two-stroke cycle.
Lengthwise charging. Step piston. Step piston. Cylinder supercharged by pressure pulse of released exhaust gases.
Exhaust to next cylinder ready to fire. Oscillating or reciprocating, nonpoppet valve. Rotary valve. Sleeve valve. Plural carburetors. Multiple crankshafts. Two-stroke cycle.
Locked annular piston DOUBLE-ACTING. Combined pump and motor cylinder. Lengthwise scavenging of cylinders from cylinder head to piston.
Four-cycle SIX-CYCLE TWO-CYCLE. Combined pump and motor cylinder. Divided pump discharge. Pump compression. Separate air and gas pumps. Lengthwise scavenging of cylinder by gas from cylinder head to piston. Pump and cylinder adjacent.
Lengthwise scavenging of power cylinder. Pump and cylinder coaxial. Lengthwise scavenging of cylinder from head to piston.
Sleeve valve. Pump and cylinder inclined. Rear compression. Fuel to crankcase. Ported piston.
Inlet valve in head. Varies compression space. Lubricant oil and fuel mixing devices. Auxiliary piston moves synchronously with piston to enlarge volume of crankcase or incoming charge. Crankcase compression with auxiliary pump means. Fuel to bypass.
Lengthwise scavenging of cylinders from head. Fuel to cylinder. Lengthwise scavenging of cylinders from head.
With liquid pump to separate inlet. With gas or vapor pump to separate. Disc valves.
Charge to crankcase through crankshaft. Reentrant cylinder head. Stepped piston. Supercharging of crankcase.
Valves for crankcase. Returns charge to crankcase or rejects to exhaust. Distinct passages from crankcase to cylinder. Slow-speed operation. Fuel to rear of piston.
Lengthwise scavenging from head. Reduced portion of piston acts as guide. Cross head between piston and crank. Enclosed crankcase.
Lengthwise bypass. Lengthwise cylinder combustion space. Slide valve between chamber of pump and crankcase. Exhaust ports. Inlet and exhaust ports in two or more planes. Port deflectors. Scavenging by inertia of exhaust gas and charging by use of pressure waves.
Step piston (see sub. Sleeve valve.
Sleeve driven by auxiliary crankshafts. Lengthwise scavenging list above. Lengthwise scavenging exhaust above. Intake and exhaust valve in top of cylinder. Whirl through piston-controlled ports. Whirl in top of cylinders and lengthwise scavenging. Vacuum intake.
Single port for inlet and exhaust. Exhaust manifolds. Ports MEANS TO WHIRL FLUID BEFORE, UPON, OR AFTER ENTRY INTO COMBUSTION CHAMBER. Structural projection on working piston causes whirling. Having multiple oxidant inlet means.
Specific spark plug location COMBUSTION CHAMBER HAVING MULTIPLE SPARK GAPS FOUR-CYCLE. Engine cylinder having a reciprocating sleeve valve. Having a junk ring seal. Having sleeve valve lubrication means. Multiple exhaust. Having subcharger associated with the cylinder. Crankcase compression of air or combustible mixture to be subsequently pumped into the working cylinder.
Rear compression of air or combustible mixture to be subsequently pumped into the working cylinder. Single revolution.
Variable clearance. Piston in head adjusted mechanically. Piston in head adjusted by fluid means.
Varying means is in the piston. Varying means is in the piston connection. Cylinder or sleeve moved. Auxiliary chamber. Varying means is in the connecting rod. Varying means is in the crankshaft. Single poppet valve.
Rotary valve and poppet which extends through rotary valve. Concentric valves; relatively movable. Rotating valve. Rotary valve is perpendicular to cylinder. Rotary valve is parallel to cylinder. Sleeve valve. Oscillating valve.
Oscillating valve - not sleeve or disc. Sleeve valve. Rotating side shaft. Rotating transverse shaft. Adjacent supply and exhaust valves. Aligned supply and exhaust valves. Opposite supply and exhaust valves.
Longitudinal valve and lever. Transverse valve and lever.
Transverse valve and bell crank ENGINE SPEED REGULATOR. Responsive to deceleration mode (e.g., engine acting as a brake). Valve timing altering means (e.g., axially sliding cam shaft). Electrical means adapted to alter valve timing. Exhaust throttling or blocking. Part of the air or combustible mixture to the engine cylinder omitted. Deceleration responsive cutoff of fuel to engine (e.g., pollution control).
Rich resupply of fuel at end of deceleration. Auxiliary air fed to the engine.
Idle jet bypassed by a slight opening of the throttle. Having means to retard spark (e.g., ignition timing). Engine speed reduction by overriching the combustible mixture (e.g., choking engine). By electric means. Engine speed reduction by fuel cutoff.
By electric means. Engine speed reduction by partial or complete omission of the ignition. By electric means.
Having plural throttle valve structure. Specific throttle valve structure. Fuel injection pump bypass control. Idle speed control. By regulating spark ignition timing.
And air-fuel ratio feedback controlled. Manual adjustment.
Electrically operated control means. With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting means.
External load condition responsive. Air conditioner operating mode responsive (i.e., compressor on-off). Accessory load (e.g., lights, heater blower motor, radiator fan motor, generator) on engine electrical system responsive. By engine speed error feedback. Dynamic state variable model. And integral or derivative control.
And temperature responsive. Controlling throttle bypass. Temperature responsive. Including rotary actuator. Stepping motor type. Including linear reciprocating solenoid control device.
Having valve controlled vacuum actuator. By overriding injection pump governor. Regulator changes length of accelerator linkage.
Regulator accessory (e.g., cleaner, adjusting tool, etc.). Charge proportion varying (e.g., the fuel-air ratio is varied). By changing valve lift. Intake valve lift altered. By changing valve timing. Intake valve timing altered. Having condition responsive means with engine being part of a closed feedback system (e.g., cruise control).
Electrical sensing or regulating. Engine overspeed sensing with an indicator or alarm and speed regulation. Engine speed sensing having an error signal producing circuit. Having variable duty cycle multivibrator (e.g., length of 'time on' in each cycle). Having variable frequency multivibrator (e.g., number of 'time ons' per unit of time). Having phase difference detector.
Circuit resonates (e.g., tuned) at governed speed. Electric fuel injection pump governor.
Max-min governor (i.e., no control in between). Fail-safe feature (e.g., cuts off fuel pump). Circuit controls a fluid throttle operator (e.g., vacuum).
Circuit controls an electric throttle operator. Cold engine control. Mechanical sensor or regulator. Fuel injection pump governor (e.g., diesel). Governor override. Engine starting or warm-up control. Variable throttle or control rod stop.
Three-dimensional cam control. Acceleration responsive. Deceleration responsive. Biased axial link (e.g., sliding rod with spring return). Pivoted link connected to pump rack.
Movable fulcrum (e.g., slot and pin). Fuel injection pressure governor. Throttle positioning.
Safety override of dangerous manual position. Fluidic sensor or regulator. Fuel injection pump governor. Barometric sensor. Fuel viscosity sensor (e.g., temperature sensing). Manifold pressure sensor.
Floating piston-type governor (e.g., Bessiere). Liquid fluid governor. Lubrication pressure sensor. Fuel pressure sensor.
Override for basic mechanical governor. Intake manifold vacuum responsive.
Fuel injection pressure governor. Responsive to intake airflow. Responsive to cooling fan airflow. Responsive to exhaust gas. By combustion air or air-fuel mixture cutoff. Open loop condition responsive.
Resistance or override acts on input connection to regulator. Shutdown safety device. Throttle position lock. Having an electrical device between input and speed regulator. Mechanical connection between input and speed regulator.
Fluidic device between input and regulator. Charge volume varying (e.g., total amount of mixture fed to engine is varied; relative amounts of air and fuel are fixed). Throttling (e.g., volume varying using throttle valve). Suction operated supply valve lift regulating. By engine operated valve SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL. Electronic control. With fail-safe, backup or malfunction detecting means.
Including spark failure responsive means (e.g., misfire). Fuel sensor malfunction responsive.
Knock control malfunction responsive. Cylinder pressure sensor malfunction responsive. Engine shaft rotational position sensor malfunction responsive (e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft). Closed loop feedback control of spark timing. Separate control for each cylinder.
Knock responsive. Cylinder pressure responsive. Engine output (e.g., torque, speed, horsepower) or fuel consumption optimization. Including means responsive to the instantaneous change in engine speed (e.g., roughness, unstable combustion, etc.). Acceleration or deceleration responsive.
Combustion condition responsive. Combustion failure responsive (e.g., misfire). Combustion condition sensed by optical sensor. Engine knock responsive. Fuel quality or composition signal responsive.
Alcohol concentration responsive. Having a plurality of speed/load maps related to fuel quality or composition. With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning). Modification of knock signal by engine operating condition signal.
Engine operating condition is load or speed. Acceleration or deceleration responsive. Having specific knock detecting means. Knock frequency distribution pattern responsive. Knock signal counting. And specific system component mounting or location details.
Engine cylinder pressure responsive. Peak pressure responsive. Responsive to derivative, integral or average of pressure.
Exhaust gas condition responsive control of spark timing. Including control of combustible mixture or a constituent thereof (e.g., air, fuel, exhaust gas). Acceleration or deceleration responsive. With fuel injection control. With exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control. Barometric pressure responsive.
Acceleration or deceleration responsive. Acceleration responsive. Throttle position responsive. Starting condition responsive. Start detected by engine speed. Temperature responsive (e.g., ambient, engine, etc.). With magneto.
And capacitor discharge for ignition spark energy. Having engine shaft rotational position signal generator (e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft). Speed responsive timing control. Having counter or addressable memory (e.g., digital timing circuit). Plural engine shaft position sensors.
Position sensors at separate shafts. Position sensors having different pulse rates. Memory addressed by engine speed or load. With microprocessor. With resistor/capacitor (RC) timing circuit (e.g., multivibrator). Vacuum timing control. Barometric pressure responsive.
Condition responsive valve in fluid path from vacuum source. Temperature responsive. Fluid delay between vacuum source and actuator (e.g., fixed restriction).
Increasing vacuum retards spark timing. Plural diaphragms or actuators. Mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or accelerator. Centrifugal timing mechanism. Spark delay actuated or deactuated by starting device COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS COMBINED WITH AIR-FUEL MIXTURE FORMING MEANS. Stratification in combustion chamber. Having a single combustible mixture inlet combined with means for injecting additional fuel into the combustion chamber.
Air or combustible mixture entering the combustion chamber through plural inlets. One inlet is uncovered by piston travel CHARGE FORMING DEVICE (E.G., POLLUTION CONTROL). Including cylinder pressure or temperature responsive means. Including means responsive to instantaneous change in engine speed. Including exhaust gas condition responsive means.
With sensor controlling each cylinder individually. With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning). Acceleration or deceleration responsive.
Exhaust gas temperature or pressure repsonsive. Combined with ambient condition responsive means (e.g., pressure).
Ambient temperature responsive. Combined with engine condition responsive means.
Idling responsive. Engine load responsive.
Acceleration or deceleration responsive. Throttle position responsive. Pressure downstream of throttle valve responsive. Starting or warmup responsive. Engine coolant temperature responsive. Speed responsive.
Inoperative sensor responsive. Engine fluid or engine component temperature responsive. With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction means. Multiple sensors controlling group of cylinders. Controlling plural groups of cylinders. With compensator for sensor output (e.g., current or voltage). Output fed to compensating circuit.
Variable reference value. Proportional or integral circuit.
Heater for sensor or sensor environment. With addition of secondary fluid (e.g., fuel or exhaust gas).
Secondary fluid is auxiliary air or oxygen (e.g., carburetor air bleed). Fed to air/fuel mixture. With auxiliary control of carburetor.
Variable venturi carburetor. Exhaust gas composition sensor. Air/fuel ratio prior to combustion responsive means. Auxiliary control of carburetor fuel metering. By electrical or electronic control system. Variable venturi carburetor. By mechanical speed sensor.
Injection or carburetion system having a series of throttle valves. Alternate or simultaneous lean-rich. Having fluidic logic control means.
Fuel injection system. Fuel pump flow regulation.
With accumulator. Sequential distributor. Rotary and reciprocating distributor. Rotary distributor.
Reciprocating distributor. Nonsequential distributor. Enrichment of the combustible mixture for cold starting or cold running. Equal pressure valve type. Distributor and metering unit are in common housing. Common rail system. Regulating means adjusts fuel pressure.
International Council On Combustion Engines
Electric regulator. Bleed off valve. Series regulator.
Having vapor returned to tank or pump inlet. By throttle control. Manifold pressure responsive. Temperature responsive. Barometric responsive.
Having an antitampering device. Drip prevention means at injector nozzle. Having a specific shape, material, or location of fuel line. Specific fuel line mounting means. Injection nozzle mounting means. Nozzle isolated from manifold vacuum effect.
Electrically actuated injector. Mechanically actuated switching. Ignition distributor used as switch.
Actuated by ignition pulse. Magnetically actuated switching. Radiation actuated switching. Actuator circuit (e.g., engine condition responsive electronic circuit actuates injector valve).
Backup systems, fail-safe, failure indicator. Having microprocessor.
Engine cylinder cutout. Circuit activates valve for continuous fuel flow. Having plural multivibrators. Having single multivibrator. Having ramp generator.
Having a digital memory addressed by an engine parameter. Having an up or up-down counter in circuit. Subcircuit operates on a parameter sensor output before input to main fuel control (e.g., function generator). Injector solenoid drive. Starting condition responsive. Acceleration or full load condition responsive.
Deceleration condition responsive. Having specific transducer.
With fuel pump. Variable rate of injection stroke. Electric fuel pump. Piezoelectric drive. Solenoid drive.
Variable beginning and ending of pumping stroke. Variable beginning of pumping stroke. Fluid pressure control. Variable ending of pumping stroke. Variable stroke. Fuel pump and intake air controls interconnected.
Having pressure relief valve. Pumping member driven by a piston or valve of the internal combustion engine.
Pumping member driven by the internal combustion engine valve operating mechanism. Specific location or mounting of pump. Fuel flow regulation between the pump and the charge-forming device. Regulator means adjusts fuel pressure.
Engine parameter responsive. Environmental condition responsive. Excess fuel returned to tank. Regulator controls flow of a plurality of fuels. Air or fuel vapor purging system.
Carburetor float bowl drain. Having fuel vapor recovery and storage system. Having an adsorbent canister. Purge valve controlled by engine parameter. Responsive to secondary air pressure. Liquid fuel evaporating by submerged air supply. Liquid fuel evaporating by extended fuel film.
Screen or mat. Combined liquid and gaseous fuel. Diesel engine convertible from liquid to gas.
Gaseous fuel and air mixer. Supercharged engine.
Safety device (e.g., cutoff). Constant flow fuel supply.
Auxiliary air or gas used to inject fuel. Air is bled from the cylinder on the compression stroke in that cylinder. Having a separate pump for the air or gas. Air is bled from another engine cylinder. Constant fuel level. Combustible mixture ionization, ozonation, or electrolysis. Before intake valve (e.g., in manifold).
Cooling of combustible mixture. Heating of combustible mixture.
Lighter fuel is used during starting. Heating meduim surrounds combustible mixture. Combustible mixture surrounds heating medium. Combustible mixture and heating meduim adjoin one another. Trap for liquid particle vaporization. Electric heater. Combustion heater.
Part of combustible mixture is burned. Automatic control. Intermediate fluid used for heating. Combustible mixture, air, and fuel are heated separately. Air and fuel heated separately.
Fuel is heated to ignition temperature. Pressure exchange with exhaust gas. With clutch. Two-cycle compressor feeds a four-cycle engine.
Variable ratio compressor driven supercharger. Multiple superchargers. Boost control. Supercharger is driven independently of the engine. Funnel-type supercharger (e.g., ram-air). Oxidant is solely oxygen. Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission control Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve).
Exhaust gas cooled during recirculation. Having recirculation path formed entirely in the cylinder block or head. Internal exhaust gas recirculation (e.g., exhaust gas retained in the combustion chamber). Having exhaust gas mixed with a constituent before entry into intake manifold. 2001 polaris virage tx manual. With electrical means for fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting of EGR system. Having specific exhaust gas outlet structure at intake manifold. Having a valve located at the outlet of the EGR passage.
EGR valve position controlled only in relationship to intake throttle valve position. Plural EGR valves in the recirculation passage. Having electrically actuated control means. Ambient condition responsive (e.g., atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure). Having rotary actuator control of EGR valve. Electrical rotary actuator rotates the EGR valve.
Vacuum actuator control of EGR valve. Having electromechanical actuator control of EGR valve. Controlling vacuum actuator. Including auxiliary vacuum pump. Vacuum actuator control of EGR valve. Including auxiliary vacuum pump.
Temperature responsive. Having fixed restriction in vacuum line.
Crankcase vapor used with combustible mixture. Vapor treated before mixing with combustible mixture (e.g., cooling). Specific control valve (e.g., PCV valve).
Diverse fuel supply. Fuel switched in response to engine starting condition. Fuel switched, condition responsive to load. Fuel switched in response to engine temperature. Multiple carburetors. Each carburetor feeds a cylinder or group of cylinders (e.g., split engine).
Separate carburetor for starting. Separate carburetor for high load. With linkage between carburetor throttle valves. Staged opening of carburetor throttle valves.
Auxiliary air or oxygen added to combustible mixture. Oxidant controlled by throttle. Oxidant controlled by intake manifold vacuum.
Oxidant controlled by engine temperature. Charge-mixing device in intake (e.g., device which insures the atomization of the combustible mixture). Having liquid fuel collector.
By fan means. By screen means HIGH TENSION IGNITION SYSTEM. Retrofit conversion ignition unit.
Using capacitive storage and discharge for spark energy. Regulating sensed ignition capacitor voltage. Having an oscillator. Having a magneto.
Triggering voltage obtained from capacitor charging winding. Specific design of charge or trigger winding core. Antireverse protection. Inductive capacitive discharge system.
Having a specific capacitor, ignition coil means, or switching element circuit path. High frequency ignition system. Free running oscillator supplies coil primary. Having a specific spark plug. Having dwell control. Using a monostable multivibrator.
Dwell maintained at constant value. Having engine component position sensor. Optical sensing. Including a zero crossing detector. Includng an oscillator.
Piezoelectric sensor. Inductive or magnetic sensor. Having specific trigger circuitry. Oscillatory trigger circuit. Additional spark energy supply. Having an ignition coil with multiple primary or secondary windings. Separate circuit for each winding.
Having supply voltage regulation. Having ballast resistor cutout or control. Responsive to engine or environmental condition. Oscillator or trigger circuit responsive to engine condition. Having auxiliary spark gap in series or parallel with the coil. Having a continuous high voltage output to the high voltage distributor.
Monostable multivibrator controls timing of coil primary current. Safety device. Reverse engine rotation protection. Ignition switch opened when engine stops. Radio interference protection. Having a specific ignition coil. Specific coil location.
Multiple spark ignition system. System fires single spark plug per cylinder. System fires multiple spark plugs per cylinder. System using vibrator for multiple sparks upon starting. Dual systems.
One for starting. Piezoelectric voltage generator.
Electronic cylinder sequencing. Current or voltage sensing in coil primary. Maverick spark suppressor. Point bounce or arc suppression system.
Having a specific mounting of system component. Having SCR triggered by lowering cathode voltage below ground. Multiple primary current interrupters. Power supply, ignition coil primary, and interrupter element all in series.
Interrupter is multiple transistor circuit. Interrupter is single transistor. Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in series with coil primary or secondary. Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in parallel with coil primary or secondary. Diode is in series with coil primary or secondary.
Diode is in parallel with coil primary or secondary POPPET VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM. Electrical system. Hydraulic system. With manifold and distributor.
Pneumatic system. With means for varying timing. Cam-to-valve relationship. Camshaft or cam characteristics. Axially shiftable camshaft.
With temperature compensation. With compound movement of cam follower.
Follower displaced axially of camshaft. Plural valve trains, single actuator.
Intake and exhaust. Valve driven closed. By valve-opening rocker. By cam-actuated unitary follower. Overhead camshaft. With nonvalving movement (e.g., about valve stem).
Oscillating movement converted internally. Positive rotation provided by internal means. Camshaft drive means.
With alternate interruption of drive train. Tappet as conduit.
Rocker fulcrum as conduit. Seals and shields. Plural valves. Individually fulcrumed.
Rotation prevention. Lash adjustment at fulcrum.
Cam engaged. Lash adjustment. Yieldable engagement. Cushion and silencer. Rotation prevention.
Composition, surface treatment manufacture. Lash adjustment.
Pressure flow upwardly into pressure chamber. Vent or bleed means for pressure chamber. With provision for horizontal positioning. Seat and retainer IGNITERS. Valve controlled. Electric (incandescent ignitors using electricity as a source of heat). Low tension.
Inductor type. Impulse starters. Flywheel type. Oscillating armature type.
Special waveforms. Double current generators. Movable pole shoes and bell-magnets. Combined adjusting and exhaust regulating. Combined sparker and valve. Combined valve and sparker operating.
Cleaners automatic. Cleaners manual. Compound insulation.
Core retaining. Disk wrappings type. Adjustable gap. Replaceable electrode. Adjustable and replaceable.
Insulated electrodes. Intensity in gap only. Insulating protecting. Tubes and attachments. Hoods and shields.
Multiple firing gap. Transparent combustion chamber. Make and break.
Reciprocating electrode. Rocking-electrode hammer action. Rocking and rigid electrodes.
Rocking and yielding electrodes. Oscillating electrodes. Rotary electrodes. Stationary-electrode structure.
Adjusting mechanism. Ignition locks. Fluid level or pressure-actuated ignition switches. Devices for opening the ignition circuit when engine stops in order to save battery. High compression igniters. Special charge igniters. Insulated casing enclosing wires leading to plugs, distributor, etc.
VIBRATION COMPENSATING DEVICE. Balancing arrangement TRANSMISSION MECHANISM FROM PISTON.
Including clutch. With particular piston.
Crankshaft and connecting rod. Particular connecting rod STARTING DEVICE. Remote control. Condition responsive control of starting device. Including automatic engine stop.
Control of spark ignition during starting. Control of glow plug during starting. Auxiliary fuel supply device. Starting fluid.
Priming means. Manual pump device or squeeze bulb. Condition responsive. Condition responsive.
With fuel or intake air control. Fuel injection pump. Intake air control.
Includes auxiliary internal combustion engine. With charge or cylinder heating. Inertia type.
Either power or manual starting device. For airplane.
With electric generating means. Auxiliary magneto. Having fluid-driven starting motor. Gunpowder type.
Compression relieving type. Having specific mounting or drive connection for electric starter motor. For nonoperator supporting wheeled platform. Includes mechanical potential motor (e.g., spring motor).
Operated by wheels of vehicle. Includes cable.
Including recoil mechanism. Lever connected to the cable. Includes lever or slide linkage. Lever or slide actuates a gear segment. Includes friction means in linkage.
Includes coaxial cooperating threaded members in linkage. Includes worm gear in linkage. Including crank-type handle.
Means provided to prevent counter rotation of crank. With auxiliary igniters INTAKE MANIFOLD. Passage to crankcase.
For use with carburetor upstream of manifold. Manifold having plenum. Plural plenums.
Interconnection between plenums. Multiple passage leading to inlet of head. For engine having radiating cylinders. Star-type engine. For V-type engine. For use with carburetor upstream of manifold. Inlet manifold heated by outlet manifold.
Manifold having plenum. Plural plenums. Interconnected between plenums.
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder. For in-line engine. For use with carburetor upstream of manifold. Intake manifold heated by outlet manifold. Manifold having plenum. Plural plenums. Interconnection between plenums.
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder. For use with carburetor upstream of manifold.
Manifold having plenum. Plural plenums.
Interconnection between plenums. Adjustable plenum. Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder. Manifold tuning, balancing or pressure regulating means. With back flow prevention valve. Adjustable length passage.
Adjustable cross section passage. Resonator chamber. Return loop to inlet.
Interconnection between passages. Manifold material or composition WITH HEATING MEANS. Electric heaters for heating cooling system COMBUSTION CHAMBER. L- or T-shaped. Having groove to aid combustion. An acoustic cavity used to attenuate detonation shock waves (e.g., Bodine).
Having squish area. Multiple annular combustion chambers. Annular combustion chamber.
Combustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution. Asymmetric combustion chamber. Having coating or liner. With means for mounting coating or liner. Having catalytic cambustion aid. Cylinder head shape conforms to piston shape PARTICULAR PISTON AND ENCLOSING CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION. Cylinder head.
Having detail of connection to other cylinder structure. Having detail to guiding structure cooperating with cylinder. Cylinder detail VALVE.
Valve head cooperates with manifold. Reciprocating valve.
Shepherd type. Material or structure. With lubrication means. For crankcase. Double function type.
For two or more cylinders. Elongated rotary double-function valve. In horizontal plane above cylinder. In horizontal plane on the side of the cylinder.
Disc, cone, or sphere shaped. Controls plural cylinders.
Single function, (i.e., exhaust and intake by separate tube). Combustion improving accessory. Valve seat relation. Guide, lubricant, or coolant. Wear feature. For spring.
Including attaching means. Having actuation springs concentric with valve stem FRAME CONSTRUCTION. Auxiliaries, brackets.
Outboard motor frames. Sheet metal frames. Inclined cylinder. Horizontal stress members. Horizontal cylinder LUBRICATORS. Crankcase, pressure control. Heating and cooling.
Upper cylinder lubricants. Safety devices. Sleeve valve lubrication. Vertical shaft ACCESSORIES. Decarbonizers and antiknocks. Antitheft valves and locks.
Safety devices. Bearing wear, cylinder, oil drain, auto ignition. Fuel cut-off. Ignition cut-off control.
Covers, trays, vibrators, corrosion inhibitors, air filters. Cylinder cut out. Pressurizing - crankcase, clutch housing, transmission housing. FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS.
Any foreign patents or non-patent literature from subclasses that have been reclassified have been transferred directly to FOR Collection listed below. These collections contain ONLY foreign patents or nonpatent literature. The parenthetical references in the Collection titles refer to the abolished subclasses from which these Collections were derived. STARTING DEVICE FOR 100.
Spark delaying (123/186.1) FOR 101 SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL (123/406) FOR 102. Vacuum timing control (123/407) FOR 103. Multiple diaphragms (123/408) FOR 104. Fluid delay in fluid path line from vacuum source (123/409) FOR 105. Including sensor responsive to barometric pressure to alter vacuum level (123/410) FOR 106.
Increasing vacuum retards the spark (123/411) FOR 107. Barometric pressure responsive controller (123/412) FOR 108. By mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or accelerator (123/413) FOR 109.
Having engine shaft position sensor (123/414) FOR 110. Analog electronic control (123/415) FOR 111.
Digital electronic control (123/416) FOR 112. Having microprocessor (123/417) FOR 113. Speed responsive (123/418) FOR 114. Responsive to instantaneous changes in engine speed (e.g., roughness) (123/419) FOR 115. Centrifugal timing mechanism (123/420) FOR 116. Ambient or engine temperature responsive (123/421) FOR 117. Acceleration responsive (123/422) FOR 118.
Deceleration responsive (123/423) FOR 119. Starting or cold running condition responsive (123/424) FOR 120. Cylinder pressure or cylinder temperature responsive (123/425) FOR 121. Feedback correction (123/426) FOR 122.
Timing control derived from ignition capacitor (123/427) FOR 123. Having circuit that alters response of an oscillatory engine shaft position sensing circuit (123/428) FOR 124. Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission control (e.g.r. Valve) (123/568) FOR 125. Diesel engine (123/569) FOR 126.
Manual On Combustion Engines Fundamentals Heywood Pdf
Exhaust gas cooled before recirculation (123/570) FOR 127. Electrical control of e.g.r.
Valve (e.g., between exhaust gas and intake manifold) (123/571) FOR 128. Having controllable timing means (123/602).
DIGESTS. DIG 1 Interchangeable DIG 2 Accumulated fuel return to tank or engine-induction system DIG 3 Model DIG 4 Stratification DIG 5 Crankcase pressure-operated pumps DIG 6 Detachable DIG 7 Convertible DIG 8 Multiple engine units DIG 9 Flame ignition DIG 10 Fluidic amplifier fuel control DIG 11 Antidieseling (stopping) DIG 12 Hydrogen DIG 13 Gas Information Products Division - Contacts Questions regarding this report should be directed to: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Information Products Division PK3- Suite 441 Washington, DC 20231 tel: (703) 306-2600 FAX: (703) 306-2737 Last Modified: 6 October 2000.
In order to power your equipment, the overhead valve engine completes a repeating 4-step process detailed below. Element that Allow Internal Combustion Engines to Run. Air. Fuel.
Compression. Spark Step 1: Intake Stroke Air and fuel enter the small engine through the carburetor. It’s the job of the carburetor to supply a mixture of air and fuel that will allow for proper combustion. During the intake stroke, the intake valve between the carburetor and combustion chamber opens. This allows atmospheric pressure to force the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder bore as the piston moves downward. Having performance problems? Find out and.
Step 2: Compression Stroke Just after the piston moves to the bottom of its travel (bottom dead center), the cylinder bore contains the maximum air-fuel mixture possible. The intake valve closes and the piston returns back up the cylinder bore. This is called the compression stroke of the 4-cycle engine process. The air-fuel mixture is compressed between the piston and cylinder head. Step 3: Power Stroke When the piston reaches the top of its travel (top dead center), it will be at its optimum point to ignite the fuel to get maximize power to your outdoor power equipment.
A very high voltage is created in the ignition coil. The enables this high voltage to be discharged into the combustion chamber. The heat created by the spark ignites the gases, creating rapidly expanding, super-heated gases that force the piston back down the cylinder bore.
This is called the power stroke. Step 4: Exhaust Stroke When the piston reaches bottom dead center again, the exhaust valve opens. As the piston travels back up the cylinder bore, it forces the spent combustion gases through the exhaust valve and out of the exhaust systems.
Manual On Combustion Engines Fundamentals Pdf
As the piston returns to top dead center, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens and the 4-cycle engine process repeat. Ever repetition of the cycle requires two full rotations of the crankshaft, while the engine only creates power during one of the four strokes.
To keep the machine running, it needs the. The power stroke creates momentum that pushes the flywheel’s inertia keeps it and the crankshaft turning during the exhaust, intake and compression strokes.